2018. Chi, Guangqing, and Jun Zhu. GeoJournal 82:971–986. Alienation is a theoretical concept developed by Karl Marx that describes the isolating, dehumanizing, and disenchanting effects … DOI: 10.1080/00045608.2012.687349Save Citation »Export Citation ». This paper explicitly looks at the spatial relationship between lynchings in neighboring places. Tolnay, Stewart E., Glenn Deane, and Elwood M. Beck. This paper provides a clear and concise overview of conceptual and theoretical frameworks for spatial analysis. A recent international perspective on spatial inequality is found in Weeks, et al. Edited by Kenneth W. Wachter. Leventhal, Tama, and Jeanne Brooks-Gunn. The mediation of neighborhood effects on educational achievement. Quantitative Applications in the Social Sciences 155. 2017). 1998. 2010. Certain effects of grouping upon the size of the correlation coefficient in census tract material. This paper addresses an aspect of racial residential segregation that has been largely ignored in prior work: the issue of geographical scale. Center for Spatial Studies. 1981. Professional Geographer 60.4: 443–465. Based on this general approach, we develop a general spatial exposure/isolation index (P̃*), and a set of general multigroup spatial evenness/clustering indices: a spatial information theory index (H̃), a spatial relative diversity index (R̃), and a spatial … 2012 and Zenk, et al. Marc Armstrong is a recognized leader in this field, and Armstrong, et al. Kwan and Ding extend current GIS capabilities for the analysis and interpretation of narrative materials such as oral histories, life histories, and biographies. Goodchild provides an overview of spatial autocorrelation focusing on the use of Moran’s I and Geary’s C for interval data and join-counts for nominal data. According to the authors of the New Urban Sociology … Biosocial health geography: New “exposomic” geographies of health and place. They found differences between neighborhood deprivation/disorganization, and neurotic versus substance-induced disorders both in the magnitude of the relationship and the accurate spatial scale. GPS data were integrated with survey and administrative records for Nang Rong, Thailand, permitting a more nuanced analysis of contraceptive choice in the study area. Tickamyer, Ann R. 2000. These include spatial autocorrelation (spatial dependence) and the modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP). 2d ed. The authors utilize a sample of Parisians and multilevel modeling techniques to illustrate positive effects of neighborhood deprivation on depression. Brunsdon and Comber 2019 is the most recent guide to using R for spatial analysis (see Bivand, et al. The conceptual focus is on measures that capture the evenness dimension of segregation. DOI: 10.1016/S0749-3797(04)00139-4Save Citation »Export Citation ». DOI: 10.1080/03054980903216358Save Citation »Export Citation ». The deaf and the blind are deprived of experiences common to all healthy men. Jones, Malia, and Anne R. Pebley. The reasons are obvious. C. Spatial isolation D. Spatial hegemony. Using geographic information systems to reconceptualize spatial relationships and ecological contexts. Univ. In the field of sociology, several substantive areas have embraced spatial thinking and analytical methods; see Inequality: Spatial Dimensions, Residential Segregation, Demography, Education and Education Policy, Health and … The paper demonstrates the power of maps to examine the distribution of social groups and resources/risks (in Detroit). Statistical methods for spatial data analysis. The authors discuss the mental health findings from the Moving to Opportunity (MTO) study, a landmark experimental study in the neighborhood effects literature. Crawford, Thomas W. 2005. The distribution of environmental equity: Exploring spatial nonstationarity in multivariate models of air toxic releases. There are several specialized journals that focus on spatial analytic methods (e.g., Geographical Analysis, GeoJournal, International Journal of Health Geographics, and Transactions in GIS); and in recent years, several new journals have emerged (e.g., Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy, Letters in Spatial and Resource Sciences, Spatial Demography, and Spatial Economic Analysis). Persisting feedback loops link neighborhood social disorder and depression among those with worse neighborhood perceptions. This paper develops methods for deriving and evaluating measures of multigroup segregation. DOI: 10.2307/2579183Save Citation »Export Citation ». This account has no valid subscription for this site. 1934. The NHGIS provides free access to aggregate census data and GIS-compatible boundary files for the United States 1790–2000. Spatial patterns of fertility transition in Indian districts. Space meets time: Integrating temporal and contextual influences on mental health in early adulthood. GIS and the social sciences: Theory and applications. Chaix, Basile, Juan Merlo, and Pierre Chauvin. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 95.2: 249–268. Indeed, the authors don’t just provide a review, but rather they develop a vision for a spatially integrated social science, whereby the spatial perspective becomes an incubator for interdisciplinary research. 2007, cited under General Overview of Spatially Informed Sociology). The Sociology of Social Inclusion Dan Allman 1 Abstract This article looks at social inclusion from a sociological perspective. Isolation : Kinds and its Negative Value in Society! This study of food environments used restaurant and school addresses to examine locational patterns of fast-food restaurants and schools (kindergartens, primary, and secondary) in Chicago. Geographically explicit ecological momentary assessments (GEMA) is introduced with applications focusing on mental health and well-being. Updated June 21, 2019. Based on 1990 data for thirty US metro areas, Wong finds that spatial measures, like nonspatial measures, generate higher levels of segregation when smaller areal units are used in analysis. Washington, DC: National Academies Press. 2019. Kwan, Mei-Po. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 42.5: e87–e96. Social isolation definition, a state or process in which persons, groups, or cultures lose or do not have communication or cooperation with one another, often resulting in open conflict. But complete and permanent isolation is hardly socially useful. The GCMD is one of the largest public metadata inventories in the world (25,000+ Earth science datasets and service descriptions, including human dimension datasets). The second half of this article provides an explicit focus on spatial approaches within specific areas of sociological inquiry, including crime, demography, education, health, inequality, and religion. Land, Kenneth C., Glenn Deane, and Judith R. Blau. 2007. These are important concerns in the context of studying people across space and time. Block, Jason P., Richard A. Scribner, and Karen B. deSalvo. In the socio-spatial … DOI: 10.4135/9781412985888Save Citation »Export Citation ». Spatial theories of education: Policy and geography matters. Privacy also represents a certain type of partial isolation. Provides easy access to a wealth of US census data, both current and historic, other US data sources (e.g., crime, election, environment, and health) and more recently selected international data. Gieryn, Thomas F. 2000. This is an important report on the opportunities and challenges that arise when precise spatial data on research participants (e.g., home or workplace) are linked to personal information provided under promises of confidentiality. DOI: 10.1007/s10708-016-9726-ySave Citation »Export Citation ». This is a rare example of negative spatial dependence. 2008 examines the effects of using different boundaries on analytical results pertaining to health outcomes. American Sociological Review 72.5: 659–680. Reports on a pilot study that uses cellphones to gather demographic data, location, and respondent mobility data. Ballas, Dimitris, Graham Clarke, Rachel S. Franklin, and Andy Newing. For those seeking an easy entry into spatial regression modeling, a good place to start is Ward and Gleditsch 2008, although the best practical introductions are the more recent books Anselin and Rey 2014, Chi and Zhu 2020, and Darmofal 2015. A recent article-length primer on spatial econometrics was supplied in Chi and Zhu 2008. Berlin: Springer. of Minnesota. The Voss et al. G measures spatial association in a spatially distributed variable within a specified distance of a single point/observation. This text, written by leaders in the field, can be acquired in hardcopy form, but the web version, as one would expect, is an evolving document with numerous useful external links embedded. Space matters! This paper appeared in the collection published in AERA Open (2018–2019). DOI: 10.1086/227768Save Citation »Export Citation ». Not only the people of the North and South are strangers to each and unable to communicate with each other, but even the people living in the same region are linguistically isolated from each other because they speak different dialects. 14 of The international encyclopedia of geography. They thus lack association by choice and the result is a narrow circle of people with whom one can develop intellectual potentialities. See also the website as well as country-specific data sets (e.g., on China and Mexico) and projects (e.g., Gridded Population of the World and Global Rural-Urban Mapping Project). Matthews, Stephen A., and Daniel M. Parker. Isolation can involve staying at … 2018, a web textbook. 2000, a comprehensive review of the emerging interest in space and place in recent social science literatures. Journal of Cultural Geography 22:51–86. 2003. Wachter 2005 is an outstanding special issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on spatial demography, while Voss 2007 is a similarly titled special issue of Population Research and Policy Review. 2d ed. Note that some of the examples included have been classified in one area of the discipline but would be suitably cross-classified in other identified application areas. Reliable and meaningful measurement of residential segregation is essential to the study of the causes, patterns, and consequences of racial and socioeconomic segregation. Tickamyer 2000 argues that the “where” questions of social inequality are important, and that conventional approaches to social inequality would benefit from an explicit spatial perspective. In this paper the local Moran’s I is used to measure the spatial dependence in homicide, and collective efficacy and spatial lag regression models and spatial regime models are employed. Morenoff uses Moran’s I and spatial regression models (i.e., models take into account spatial interdependencies among neighborhoods). It led to melancholic mental conditions, sexual abnormalities and anti-social attitudes. A recent paper on the scale of segregation is Osth, et al. Perspectives on spatial data analysis. D., and Kelly K. Richardson. The link was not copied. Geographical Analysis is a leading outlet for papers on geographical theory, model building, and quantitative methods in spatial science fields. New York: Springer Science+Business Media. Health and Place 51:52–60. Advanced textbooks linked to spatial analytic software include the original text on geographically weighted regression, Fotheringham, et al. Openshaw, Stanley. 2001. Isolation If the communicative interaction or social contact is absent that condition can be called as isolation. By. de Smith, Michael J., Michael F. Goodchild, and Paul A. Longley. DOI: 10.1007/s11113-007-9041-xSave Citation »Export Citation ». This type of research is significant in crafting policies for malaria mitigation. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-22810-5Save Citation »Export Citation ». Spatial inequalities: Health, poverty, and place in Accra, Ghana. These attribute data can be easily extracted, geocoded, or mapped and analyzed. 2003. 2008. It is mostly a consequence of psychic shock suffered during childhood. Baller, Robert D., Luc Anselin, Steven F. Messner, Glenn Deane, and Darnell F. Hawkins. 2017). Redefining neighborhoods using common definitions: Social characteristics of activity spaces and home census tract compared. The changing world religion map: Sacred places, identities, practices and politics. Morenoff, Jeffery D., Robert J. Sampson, and Stephen W. Raudenbush. Norwich, UK: Geo. U.S. religious regions revisited. The book is organized in four sections: spatial analysis, pattern analysis, local statistics, and empirical applications. In The Routledge handbook of research methods in the study of religion. The individuals subjected to spatial isolator become aggressive and show a greater propensity for antisocial behaviour. The examples emphasize a spatial conceptualization and framing and/or the use of geospatial measures, data, and methods. DOI: 10.1136/jech.2004.025478Save Citation »Export Citation ». Several federal agencies provide access to geospatial data on the physical environment and the interface between environment and human conditions/human health. Brunn, Stanley D., ed. A well-established theme is that of environmental justice and racial inequality, and useful methodological contributions and empirical examples can be found in the work of Downey (Downey 2003, Downey 2006) and Mennis and Jordan 2005. Several social scientists have begun to explore and develop new methods for integrating GIS with qualitative methods. Washington, DC: National Academies Press. American Journal of Education 15.4: 485–491. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 27.3: 211–217. When applied to social groups, social isolation refers to a lack of social and institutional ties to mainstream society. 1994. One of the most useful introductions of spatial analytic data, methods, and software is de Smith, et al. 2009. Voss, Paul, David D. Long, Roger B. Castro’s paper is denser in content and provides a detailed review of spatial perspectives in core subfields of demography and, as its title suggests, is heavier on the implications of spatial analysis for population policy. The UGCoP identifies two sources of contextual uncertainty: uncertainty associated with the spatial configuration of geographically defined contexts and uncertainty about the timing and duration of exposure to those contexts. 2007. 2006. Engels saw that the city of Manchester was a segregated space. 2012 and Zenk, et al. Progress in Human Geography. Knott, Kim. First, following a general overview of spatial concepts and spatial thinking in sociology, we introduce the field of spatial analysis focusing on easily available textbooks (introductory, handbooks, and advanced), journals, data, and online instructional resources. Darmofal, David. Boston: Kluwer Academic. American Journal of Sociology 102.3: 788–815. Logan, John R. 2012. Baller and Richardson 2002 uses data from both France and the United States to examine that classic area of sociological inquiry, suicide. BIBLIOGRAPHY. Westport, CT: Greenwood. The child is undergoing the process of socialization through parental care. Privacy is an important aid in the creation of individualisation; it nurtures the tendency to internal individualisation. The SAGE handbook of spatial analysis. Why does it take a village? The paper compares G with Moran’s I and includes two empirical examples. Columbia Univ. This article appeared in a special issue of Cartographica on critical GIS. Sociologists have known about some of the pitfalls associated with the analysis of spatial data, ecological data, and correlations since the mid-1930s (see several short papers that appeared in Journal of the American Statistical Association 29, especially Gehlke and Biehl 1934). The Atlantic Ocean which at one time had isolated the aborigines of America from Europe has become a route of travel with improvements in shipping technology and in navigation. Readers are encouraged to consult the Oxford Bibliographies articles on “Geographic Information Science” by Nadine Schuurman, “Spatial Analysis” by Tony H. Grubesic and Jake R. Nelson, and “GIS Applications in Human Geography” by Richard Hunter. Spatial regression models for the social sciences. Hence, they are simultaneously vehicles of socialization with many “hidden geographies” and reflections/reproducers of “place-based identities” of the particular geographies in which they are embedded. Tita, George, and Jaqueline Cohen. Neighborhood deprivation affects children’s mental health: Environmental risks identified in a genetic design. 2013. DOI: 10.1111/1467-9531.00110Save Citation »Export Citation ». DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2004.056341Save Citation »Export Citation ». deJong, Gordon F., Deborah Roempke Graefe, Shelley K. Irving, and Tanja St. Pierre. Norwich, UK: Geo. Empirical research on the reciprocal relations between population dynamics and the natural environment at the local level have been quite rare, but as shown in this edited collection, the research environment is changing fast as population scientists begin to integrate GIS, remote sensing, and spatial analysis methods. 3 Urbanization – the shift from rural to urban – is associated with mental health issues due to increased stressors and reduced social support.5 Evidence suggests “the sheer scale of urban life”6 contributes greatly to feelings of isolation… Here we focus on two areas of research: (1) geographically informed studies of mental health and (2) activity space research, a relatively new area of study within sociological research. The 1990s and 2000s also include estimates by Hispanic origin. Homicide Studies 13.3: 242–260. Research on the locational effects on mental health has also incorporated a spatiotemporal approach, linking time and space via longitudinal data (Wheaton and Clarke 2003). Downey, Liam. In Special issue: Spatial demography, Part 1. Complete isolation of the individual can hardly be called socially useful. A space for place in sociology. The best-known early example of spatial analysis is John Snow’s 1854 cholera map of London, but the origins of spatial analysis can be traced back to France during the 1820s and 1830s and the period of morale statistique, specifically the work of Guerry, d’Angeville, Duplin, and Quetelet. ... spatial mismatch. Castro, et al. Estimating linear models with spatially distributed data. Anselin, Luc, and Sergio J. Rey. of California, Santa Barbara. Zhao, Huanyang, Jay Lee, Xinyue Ye, and James Tyner. Spatio-temporal determinants of mental health and well-being: Advances in geographically-explicit ecological momentary assessment (GEMA). American Journal of Sociology 112.2: 567–612. 2014. Social Science and Medicine 66:1241–1255. Press. Among the most commonly used sites for environmental data for academics, journalists, and the public are the long-established sites housed at the Environmental Protection Agency’s Developer Central home page and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). The availability of international data is changing quickly, and one of the most innovative websites is the WorldPop Project, which provides access to the latest, high-resolution data on human population distributions for many parts of the developing world. Mennis, Jeremy, and Eun-Hye Enki Yoo. 2005. Recapturing space: New middle-range theory in spatial demography. Other university-based websites are important to academic researchers because of the access they provide to training materials and resources on spatial analysis and/or software. Geographies of megachurches in the United States. Towards spatially integrated social science. DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-9125.2001.tb00933.xSave Citation »Export Citation ». Although the notions of place and space are fundamentally intertwined, spatial criminology is distinct in its attempt to measure and theorize explicitly spatial … Annals of the Association of American Geographers 102.5: 958–968. 2008 reports, there are many challenges to be faced by those collecting, archiving, and sharing data. Included are sections on spatial dimensions in the sociology of religion, the sociology of education, and in neighborhoods and health, with an emphasis on mental health. This paper uses spatial statistics (mean center, weighted mean center, and standard deviational ellipse) to derive the historical urban development of Izmir, Turkey, from 1550 to 2008 based on the distribution of 525 mosques. Goodchild, Michael F. 1986. 2016. Introduction: Mapping educational opportunity; Spatial analysis and school choices. A short overview paper on health and place and specifically on how context affects health. 2002. 2017. A short essay on the potential impacts of geospatial technologies (including global positioning systems and cell phone) on the surveillance of day-to-day activities and the risks to personal privacy, as well as how we think about privacy. Spatial statistical analysis revealed that the early stages of frontier settlement are dominated by environmental risks, consequential to ecosystem transformations that promote larval habitats of Anopheles darling. In Spatially integrated social science. A pdf e-book is also available. Measures are grouped into one of five dimensions of segregation: evenness, exposure, concentration, centralization, and clustering. 2007. As noted, this is a vibrant field, and some of the exemplary studies include Austin, et al. It fails to draw upon other cultural systems. Spatial Structures in Social Science. While targeted at a public health audience, social scientists using geospatial data can benefit from this book as an introduction to GIS technologies, data, and methods. How many days of global positioning system (GPS) monitoring do you need to measure activity space environments in health research? This text offers an introduction to applied GIS in core areas of contemporary sociological inquiry and public policy. Sociology of Education 64.4: 251–262. Enormous amounts of freely available geospatial data are readily availability on the Internet, much of it made available via the US Federal Government. Content leans toward public health but has broad appeal to social scientists. The authors reanalyze data from a published study of child poverty to demonstrate the value added of a spatial regression framework. Isolation promotes the stability and solidarity of groups. Boca Raton, FL: CRC. Like many other social scientists, however, few sociologists explicitly considered issues such as spatial autocorrelation in spatially distributed data (e.g., census tracts within a metropolitan area, counties within a state) in part because of the lack of software to facilitate such analysis (see also Methodological Issues). Goldsmith, Victor, Philip G. McGuire, John H. Mollenkopf, and Timothy A. Ross. Population Research and Policy Review 25.4: 369–391. Applications of geospatial data and/or spatial analysis are increasingly found in sociological research, especially in studies of spatial inequality, residential segregation, demography, education, religion, neighborhoods and health, and criminology. … It is a short primer on both exploratory spatial data analysis and spatial regression models with an application to population change in Wisconsin. In Spatially integrated social science. Since the late 20th century, many edited collections on spatial analysis and advanced spatial methods (spatial econometrics, pattern analysis, and geostatistics) have been published. Analyzing crime patterns: Frontiers of practice. DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxn006Save Citation »Export Citation ». Spatial regression models. County child poverty rates in the US: A spatial regression approach. The stimulus carries a meaning and unless the sensory contact carries a meaning it is not social. As Gutmann, et al. International Regional Science Review 23:139–159. This article introduces a variable construction technique (based on use of a GIS) that allows researchers to measure the distance between social groups and risks/resources more precisely than is otherwise possible. GIS and public health. The social behaviour of human beings consists of acquired responses to the meaningful responses of other. Boca Raton, FL: CRC. Activity spaces are more heterogeneous than residential neighborhoods, but the characteristics of both are associated with individual characteristics. Expand or collapse the "in this article" section, Expand or collapse the "related articles" section, Expand or collapse the "forthcoming articles" section, Sign in to an additional subscriber account, General Overview of Spatially Informed Sociology, Introductory Textbooks and Workbooks for Spatial Analysis, Center for Spatially Integrated Social Science at UC Santa Barbara, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(19990315)18:5<497::AID-SIM45>3.0.CO;2-#, Musings on privacy issues in health research involving disaggregate geographic data about individuals, Spatial confidentiality and GIS: Re-engineering mortality locations from published maps about Hurricane Katrina, Health Resources and Service Administration Data Warehouse, National Historic Geographic Information System, Center for International Earth Science Information Network, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Spatial Demography: Books and Special Issues, Inequality: Spatial Dimensions: State and Regional, 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195138382.001.0001. While there have been many important contributions to the geographical study of crime, the early 21st century in particular has seen a reemergence of an explicitly spatial analytical perspective in studies of crime (Goldsmith, et al. Noel Cressie’s text Statistics for Spatial Data (Cressie 1993) is regarded as one of, if not the, classic(s) in the field. The inner world of privacy and the world of common activities lose their inner connection and the person comes to live in two separate worlds. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE. 1961), introduced sociologists to many of the same concerns that are relevant to 21st-century users of geospatial data (see Johnston and Jones 2019). This paper is an early application of exploratory spatial data analysis, focusing on homicide rates in counties in and around the Saint Louis metro area. They discuss the opportunities and challenges offered by focusing on human mobility and the utilization of activity space concepts and data. Less advanced spatial methods remain popular in the study of religion, particularly descriptive mapping (Warf and Winsberg 2010, Bauer 2012, Brunn 2015), but occasional papers have incorporated spatial statistics such as mean centering and deviational ellipses (Crawford 2005; Ayhan and Cubukcu 2010), spatial regression (Land, et al. In the 1960s, a classic but relatively unknown text, Otis Dudley Duncan and colleagues’ Statistical Geography (Duncan, et al. Environmental equity: The demographics of dumping. It is organized into three sections: representations, analytical interventions and innovations, and conceptual engagements. Within social science research, there is a return to matters pertaining to spatial patterns of inequality, the persistence of inequality, the importance of context or neighborhood effects, and macroscocial determinants of health.
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