You have reached your limit of subscriber-only articles this month. On 15 May 2018, West Air moved its operations from T1 to T4. The Green Wall, designed by Singapore-based Landscape Design firm Tierra Design, also helps to regulate the internal temperature of the terminal with the occasional misting. The terminal will be connected by an extension to the Thomson-East Coast MRT Line, which will also extend to the existing Changi Airport branch. At the beginning of 2020, Changi was voted the world's best airport for the eighth year in a row. [1] To cope with the increase in the number of air passengers, the government had announced in June 1975 that a new airport would be built at Changi. With the addition of the fifth terminal, Changi Airport will be able to cater to more than 135 million passengers every year. A 5 m (16 ft)-high "Green Wall" with hanging creepers and waterfall was incorporated to enhance the tropical feel. SINGAPORE CHANGI AIRPORT Henry SL. What does this mean for … Changi Airport handles 65.6m passengers in 2018; traffic increase across all markets, Sats to start using smart glasses to improve accuracy and efficiency of baggage and cargo handling, SIA launches new service for transporting valuable, temperature-controlled pharmaceutical cargo. Some of the airlines APS handles include the AirAsia Group, Cebu Pacific and Spring Airlines. While this makes up only 1 per cent of the total volume of goods moved, the value of goods moved by air represents more than 35 per cent of world trade. The test flight out of Terminal 3 was a Singapore Airlines flight from Singapore to Perth. [32] In the meantime, four airlines have moved their Terminal 2 operations to different terminals: Singapore Airlines (to Terminal 3), Etihad Airways (Terminal 3); Royal Brunei (Terminal 1) and All Nippon Airways (Terminal 1). [8][9], The Crowne Plaza Hotel, designed by WOHA, is linked to Changi Airport's Terminal 3 via a covered link bridge, with Terminals 1 and 2 reachable by Skytrain located within the immediate vicinity of Changi Airport. Other former users include Air Canada and Austrian Airlines, which ceased operations to Changi in October 2006. 198402868E. It also promises to have a wider choice of retail and food and beverage offerings compared to the current Budget Terminal. On 2 March 2012, it was announced that the Budget Terminal would be closed on 25 September 2012 and demolished to make way for Terminal 4. 2009 The airport was corporatised and Changi Airport Group was formed. a planned capacity of 22 mppa*. All rights reserved. They were joined by several airlines, some of which are allied to Singapore Airlines, in particular Lufthansa, both fellow Star Alliance members. [13] In 2020, the Crowne Plaza Hotel was named as the world's best airport hotel by Skytrax for the sixth year running. This brings Changi’s total capacity to 90 mppa when the works are completed around 2024. [citation needed]. ... To thc right of €TB1 is the taxi holding area with a storage capacity of 180. [14], With Changi-based Singapore Airlines being the launch customer for the Airbus A380, works to ensure full capability in handling the large aircraft were given priority in time for its introduction in October 2007. Including additional capacity from T2’s upgrading works, this would bring Changi Airport’s total passenger handling capacity to around 140 mppa. It is currently rated the World's Best Airport by Skytrax. The refurbishment includes the installation of a two-part kinetic sculpture, Kinetic Rain, which was billed as the largest kinetic sculpture in the world. Bus Gates H1 to H8 are located on the ground floor in an annex next to the Heritage Zone and serve planes that are parked at remote stands. On 30 November 2018, Hainan Airlines resumed operations to Singapore. THE Republic aims to almost double its annual cargo handling capacity at Changi Airport, from three million to 5.4 million tonnes, to support and benefit from growth in the air cargo sector. It is located approximately 17.2 km (10.7 mi) from the city's commercial centre, on a 13-square-kilometre (5.0 sq mi) site on the easternmost point of the main island.[6]. All Nippon Airways moved to Terminal 2 from 1 October 2008. The adequacy of bus services to the airport will also be reviewed. [21], As of 12 July 2012, a $500 million facelift for Terminal 1 has been completed,[22] completing the terminal's largest renovation to date, involving works on its facade and halls under a theme called "Tropical City". A massive expansion of Changi International Airport will take place right next to the airshow site in Singapore. It replaced Paya Lebar Airport in July 1981, which had become overwhelmed by the immense volume of passenger air traffic. The A380 … [28][29], On 15 July 2013, the Airport unveiled its latest themed garden that has a display of colours and interactive technology – a first for Changi Airport, which has pioneered the concept of airport gardens since its opening in 1981. In 2019, the world's best airport was at the top of its game. United Airlines moved its operations from Terminal 3 to Terminal 2 on 24 May 2016, followed by Vietnam Airlines to Terminal 4 on 7 November 2017 and Qatar Airways to Terminal 1 on 28 October 2018. These plans will ensure that all airport users and staff are able to travel to the airport easily and conveniently. In addition, air-conditioning has been installed for arriving passengers. Transport within and between these three terminals is also provided by people movers and the skytrain system, although it is also possible to walk between the terminals on foot for airside visitors. These enhancements increases T1's passenger handling capacity to 24 million passenger movements per annum by 2018. [16] It is situated on a 3.5-hectare site where the Terminal 1 car park used to reside. [citation needed] Since then, its regional and long-haul flights bound for Africa, Americas, Europe, Middle East, North Asia, India and South West Pacific will depart from T3 while all other destinations depart from T2, becoming the first and only airline to operate from multiple terminals in Changi Airport. The larger floor area provides for more spatial comfort, better passenger flow, additional facilities and expanded retail and F&B offerings. Since the trial started in early May, about 1,000 passengers have used the FAST facilities. Another five aircraft hangars are operated by SASCO/ST Aerospace. With the national carrier at Terminal 5, each alliance of airlines such as SkyTeam and Oneworld could also operate out of dedicated terminals. 2017 The airport received a record 62.2 million passengers. SPH Digital News / Copyright © 2021 Singapore Press Holdings Ltd. Co. Regn. Changi Airport, located at the eastern edge of the island, is Singapore’s international airport. The roof has been designed to allow natural light to enter the building, with 919 skylights. The Qantas Singapore Lounge draws on Qantas' flagship lounges in Sydney and Melbourne including a live cooking station and communal dining areas designed by Hurley Palmer Flatt. The fourth storey of the terminal houses the Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore. The expansion of Terminal 1 (T1) to increase handling capacity and the redevelopment of the open-air carpark in front of the terminal were catalysts for CAG to build a mixed-use development located centrally within the Changi Airport complex. Scheduled for completion in the 2030s, T5 will be able to handle up to 50 million passengers per annum (mppa) in its initial phase. Get unlimited access to all stories at $0.99/month for the first 3 months. [30], On 6 April 2020, it was announced in Parliament that Terminal 2 will be suspended from 1 May for 18 months due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Building capacity ahead of demand has been a key driver for the success of Changi Airport, and the regulatory framework will ensure that post-corporatisation, there will continue to be sufficient capacity at Changi Airport to handle future increases in traffic. [94], Six aircraft hangars capable of full aircraft maintenance, repair and overhaul are operated and managed by SIA Engineering Company at Changi Airfreight Centre, including Hangar 1, a 20,000 m2 (215,300 sq ft) column-free hangar which was the world's largest when opened in 1981. [27] In addition Terminal 2 houses the offices of the Air Accident Investigation Bureau of Singapore and Changi Airport Group. Changi Airport has two parallel runways of size 4,000 by 60 m (13,123 by 197 ft) each, designated 02L/20R and 02C/20C. Changi Airport was the second in Asia (after Kuala Lumpur International Airport) to open a dedicated terminal catering to the budget traveller. The expansion of Terminal 1 will go together with Terminal 4. New facilities such as navigation aids, airfield lighting systems and a fire station were included. No. [63], A fifth terminal, Terminal 5, will be ready in the next decade as announced by the then Transport Minister, Lui Tuck Yew on 7 May 2013. Changi Airport currently has four terminals, T1, T2, T3, and T4, with a total annual handling capacity of 80 million. [46] It has won numerous awards including a special one from Prix Versailles Architectural Award for South Asia. JetQuay CIP Terminal, is a privately run terminal, located in between T2 and the VIP terminal. But if annual growth matches the 12% average rate recorded in the … The airport consistently voted the world’s best, Changi in Singapore, has announced plans to expand its busy Terminal 2 to boost capacity by 5 million passengers a year. 5. [23] About 22,000 m2 have been added to the building, bringing the total floor space of T1 to about 308,000 m2. [64][65] The terminal could handle a capacity of 50 million passengers annually. [44] Ethiopian Airlines and Spring Airlines used to operate from Terminal 3. [61] On 28 October 2018, Regent Airways moved its operations from T1 to T4. [48] It is connected to the other terminals by complimentary shuttle bus services. Dnata Singapore, formerly Changi International Airport Services (CIAS), was formed in 1977 by the Port of Singapore Authority and five airlines (Air France, China Airlines, Garuda Indonesia, Koninklijke Luchtvaart Maatschappij N.V. (KLM; Royal Dutch Airlines) and Lufthansa). About 7,400 flights arrive or depart at Changi each week – about one every 80 seconds. New airlines to Changi Airport included JC International Airlines and Lanmei Airlines which began operations out of T4 from 25 January 2018 and 22 April 2018 respectively. Construction of Terminal 4 began in 2013 and was completed on 31 October 2017. Jewel is a joint venture between Changi Airport (51%) and CapitaMalls Asia (49%). The first departure flight, SQ318, took off at 1250 hours bound for London-Heathrow. Citing e-commerce as an example, Dr Lam said at the 13th edition of the World Cargo Symposium, organised by the International Air Transport Association (IATA), that affluent and savvy consumers increasingly expect online orders to be delivered as soon as they click 'Check Out'. With this expansion, Terminal 1's handling capacity will increase from 21 to 24 million passengers per annum. [45], Singapore Changi Airport Terminal 4 is the fifth passenger terminal at Singapore Changi Airport and opened on 31 October 2017. The hold rooms themselves have been enlarged and appointed to cater to the larger number of passengers aboard an A380. China Eastern Airlines, Jet Airways, Qatar Airways and United Airlines also moved operations to the terminal on 1 January 2008,[41][42] while Kingfisher Airlines launched services to Singapore using T3 in 2009. The retail space at the 'Heritage Zone' will feature traditional Peranakan shop front facades. Get flight status, travel guides, shopping and dining tips, and more! It sits on the former Singapore Changi Airport Budget Terminal and cost S$985 million and took about 2 years to construct. There is also a hotel of about 130 rooms as part of the project. Concurrent with the development of Terminal 4, major airfield works were undertaken to increase the number of aircraft parking stands to support the needs of all airlines operating at Changi. On 16 August 2005, Changi Airport unveiled the first of 11 specially built gates capable of handling the giant aircraft. The expansion project will add 15,500 square metres to the terminal building and increase Changi Airport’s capacity by five million passengers per annum (mppa). To offer lower landing fees, handling fees and airport taxes, it cuts back on amenities such as aerobridges, elaborate physical structures and decorations in the passenger terminal building. However, the terminal is not included in the numbering scheme, even though it is the third passenger terminal to be opened when it opened on 26 March 2006; and Terminal 3 is actually the fifth terminal to be opened at the airport (with the fourth being the cargo terminal). Singapore Airlines operated the first flights into Terminal 3 on 9 January 2008, with flight SQ001 from San Francisco via Hong Kong arriving at 1150 hours to a welcome ceremony by Minister for Transport and Second Minister for Foreign Affairs, Lim Siang Keat Raymond and the chairman of CAG, Liew Mun Leong. It is nine storeys high and has 320 guest rooms. The Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore spent S$60 million in upgrading the two existing terminals and airport infrastructure, including enlarged gate hold rooms, new finger piers, and extended baggage belt carousels from the normal 70 to 90 m (230 to 300 ft). With these new carousels in place, the airport does not expect embarking and disembarking passengers and baggage from the A380 to take longer than it does from a Boeing 747-400, which carries fewer passengers. Passengers on selected Jetstar flights are invited to use these self-service options. [24], The Southwest Finger of Level 3 of Terminal 1 has the head office of Jetstar Asia Airways and Scoot.[25]. [26] Airlines operating at Budget Terminal, including Tigerair, and Cebu Pacific, moved to Terminal 2 as the Budget Terminal closed for site redevelopment. Experience Changi Airport, the world's best airport and destination in itself. Until we resolve the issues, subscribers need not log in to access ST Digital articles. A receipt is provided for checked-in baggage. [17] It opened on 17 April 2019.[18]. Other customers of Swissport include Swiss World Cargo, AirAsia, and Cardig Air. It will enable CAG to assess improvements and adjustments needed for the hardware and software of the various systems. All airlines previously operating from the Budget Terminal moved to Terminal 2, after the last flight departed Budget Terminal at 2 am on 25 September. Singapore Changi Airport is Singapore's primary international airport and a major aviation hub in Asia. There have been shifts in global supply chains as industries seek higher efficiency, and also recently, more trade protectionism in some parts of the world, he said. Beside the 11 new A380-capable gates at Terminals 1 and 2, eight more A380-capable gates were opened at Terminal 3 on 9 January 2008. As Swissair folded and was subsequently taken over by Swiss International Air Lines, the latter became the company's first customer. [70] The project was later announced to be paused for two years amid uncertainty of the pandemic's impact on the aviation sector. Join ST's Telegram channel here and get the latest breaking news delivered to you. 2012 The Budget Terminal was closed to make way for Terminal 4. In September 2008, expansion works costing $10 million began and took seven months to complete. However, unlike the Lufthansa First Class Terminal, JetQuay is an elite, dedicated CIP (Commercially Important People) terminal that can be used by any passenger travelling in any class, on any airline, through any terminal (T1, T2, T3, or T4).[34]. [2][3] Terminal 5 will be linked to the other terminals at Changi Airport. Assuming 8% growth p/a, which matches Changi’s annual average growth since Singapore’s LCC boom began in 2004, Changi will surpass the 66 million passenger mark in 2017 – meaning T4 will open just in time. Changi East is a major infrastructural project to ensure that Changi Airport has the capacity to meet growing passenger and airfreight traffic. [68], Part of the newly increased airport levy will be used to fund the terminal and other projects. [47], The construction of the new Terminal 4 commenced in early 2014 and was completed on 16 December 2016. "We will strive to enhance our connectivity with the region and beyond, and support industry innovation by offering Singapore as a place to testbed new and innovative ideas," he said. Terminals 1, 2, and 3 are directly connected via a people mover system, with airside passengers being able to freely move between the terminals without going through immigration. Changi Airport serves more than 100 airlines flying to 400 cities in around 100 countries and territories worldwide, as of 20 November 2020. In terms of sales, the airport outstrips other shopping malls in Singapore, including those in top tourist spots such as Orchard Road. Share gift link below with your friends and family. The ongoing trial of a number of self-service functions – check-in, bag tagging, and bag drop – will run for about three months until August 2014. SATS is the dominant player with close to 70% of the market in the airport. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Singapore Airlines consolidated all of its flights to Terminal 3 from 1 May 2020 for a period of 18 months. 2017 Terminal 4 opened with 21 gates and a planned capacity of 16 mppa*. Changi Airport Group ... CAG spokesman Ivan Tan said: "As demand for air travel In the region continues to grow, we are enhancing capacity in Changi's terminals to … Both runways are also used by the Republic of Singapore Air Force as part of Changi Airbase. On 7 March 2012, Minister of State for Transport Josephine Teo said that the open-air car park between Terminal 1 and Changi's iconic control tower will be redeveloped into a multi-use complex. Phase II construction commenced immediately after the completion of Phase 1 and included the second runway, 23 additional aircraft parking bays, a second fire station, and a third cargo agents' building. We have been experiencing some problems with subscriber log-ins and apologise for the inconvenience caused. All Singapore Airlines and SilkAir flights moved to the new terminal when it opened, along with several Southeast Asian carriers including Malaysia Airlines, Philippine Airlines, PAL Express, and Royal Brunei Airlines. The master plan initially involved a dual-terminal and dual-runway configuration over two phases with provisions for another two passenger terminals. The gift link for this subscriber-only article has expired. Read 3 articles daily and stand to win ST rewards, including the ST News Tablet worth $398. Like other new airports in the region, it has a structure mainly made of glass, with big transparent spaces inside the terminal. That is because once the ASEAN Open Skies agreement is in place by 2011, passenger traffic will likely grow by at least five percent each year. There is also a pond containing Archerfish and Koi. It provides aerodrome control service to aircraft landing, departing and maneuvering within the airport.[7]. There are a total of 21 contact gates and 8 bus gates in Terminal 4, numbered Gates G1 to G21 and Gates H1 to H8. [citation needed]. Configured in an H-shaped layout to maximise the number of aerobridges that may be built, it underwent two major upgrading works over its lifespan. - SgInstaBabes", "Maintaining the Petalcloud's Charm | Changi Airport Group", "Changi splits gates to dock more planes", "Changi Airport's Terminal 4 To Set New Benchmarks", "Changi Airport's new Terminal 4 scheduled to commence operations on 31 October 2017", "Changi Airport's T4 has handled more than 1.6m passengers since opening", "Terminal change at Singapore Changi Airport", "JC International Airlines and Lanmei Airlines suspend service to Singapore – Blue Swan Daily", "GX AIRLINES LAUNCHES SCHEDULED FLIGHT FROM NANNING TO SINGAPORE ON 12 DECEMBER 2018 | Article - Tue 06 Nov 2018 01:09:00 AM UTC | airsoc.com. The name of the Budget Terminal was decided as a result of a naming contest open to the public. The infrastructure of Changi Airport includes passenger terminals, runways, taxiways, maintenance buildings and services, and ground support equipment. After tagging their baggage, they can drop it off at the self bag-drop counter. The new building sits between the three existing terminal buildings, enabling passengers to transfer via the new complex, whilst being an attraction and shopping destination in itself. The new terminal is set to be one of the world’s biggest airport terminals. Speaking at the opening of a global cargo conference at Marina Bay Sands on Tuesday (March 12), Dr Lam noted that there have been significant developments in the global air cargo market. This will allow the expanded Changi Airport to be operated as a single, integrated airport for ease of transfer between different terminals, maximum passenger convenience and airfield operational efficiency. There is no transfer facility at the Budget Terminal. More than 1,000 people, including industry players and stakeholders, are attending the three-day annual event, being held for the first time in Singapore. As an ultra-modern, award-winning airport, Changi International was the first airport in Singapore to accept the A380. A new dedicated 68-metre-high Ramp Control Tower was also built to "enhance air traffic controllers' management of aircraft movements in the apron and taxiways around the terminal". Terminal 4 is a two-storey, 25-metre-high building with a gross floor area of 225,000 square metres. [53][54], Cathay Pacific and Korean Air were the first two airlines to move to T4 on 31 October 2017. For an airport that is always well ahead of the growth curve, Changi seems to be cutting it close. Designed by CPG Corporation,[36] with Skidmore, Owings and Merrill designing the roof feature[37] and interior design by Woodhead,[38][39] Terminal 3 departs from the largely utilitarian architecture in the first two terminals. The Changi Airport Group (CAG) has been conducting trials of the self-boarding gates at a common gate hold room in Terminal 2 since May with Lufthansa. T5 is expected to start operating around 2030. These special design elements of T4 enable it to handle two thirds of Terminal 3’s passenger capacity, while only being half the size. JetQuay provides private check-in, baggage handling, and immigration clearance services. [62], It was announced that Terminal 4 would shut on 16 May indefinitely as a result of COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore, with the aim to restart operations rapidly when demand returns. When fully completed, the Changi East Industrial Zone (CEIZ) will almost double our current handling capacity for cargo," Dr Lam said. Demolition began in 2013 to make way for a new and bigger Terminal 4.[19][20]. Ten other airlines have suspended operations.[33]. Ground handling services are handled by two companies: Singapore Airport Terminal Services (SATS) and Dnata. The new passenger Terminal 5 (T5) is being developed at Changi International Airport in Singapore to enhance the airport’s capacity to meet anticipated future growth. For example, some 18 kilometres of tunnels will be built to allow airside connections for baggage, passengers and vehicles between terminals as well as the current four terminals. Swissair's Swissport won the 10-year licence and commenced operations on 2 March 2005.[91]. Under a new concept of "Fast And Seamless Travel at Changi" (FAST@Changi), it will see options such as self-service check-in; and automated bag drop, immigration clearance, and boarding being rolled out extensively in the new building. All done! Swissport ceased operation on 31 March 2009 due to massive losses. Two self bag-drop units and four self-check-in kiosks have been fitted alongside the Jetstar check-in counters in Terminal 1. [92] It concentrates mainly on budget carriers by providing point-to-point ground handling services such as passenger, ramp and baggage handling, and aircraft interior cleaning with short turnaround times. [65], In order to create a contiguous and integrated airfield, the former Changi Coast Road and the park connector beside it was replaced with a new at-grade road and park connector further east, along the eastern coastline, the present Tanah Merah Coast Road. From 24 Jan 11.59pm, all travellers, including Singaporeans and Permanent Residents, must take a Covid-19 Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test upon arrival in … 2004 Changi Airports International It was physically separated from the main terminals towards the south, where connections were possible via a free shuttle bus service to and from Terminal 2. Changi Airport, being one of the major air traffic hubs in Asia, is facing overloaded traffic in the future due to this exponential growth. Given limited land resources in Singapore, Singapore Changi Airport was developed on reclaimed land on the eastern tip of the island. However, unlike these newer airports, it incorporates "natural" features and "warm" tone extensively to balance the sterile feel of glass and steel. Phase 1 included the construction for terminal 1, the first runway, 45 aircraft parking bays, support facilities and structures, including a large maintenance hangar, the first fire station, workshops and administrative offices, an airfreight complex, two cargo agents' buildings, in-flight catering kitchens and a 80 m (260 ft) control tower. The terminal was then able to handle seven million passengers a year, up from originally 2.7 million. [50], Local cultural and heritage items are used to decorate the terminal's interior. Changi Airport currently has four terminals, T1, T2, T3, and T4, with a total annual handling capacity of 80 million. In the early 2000s, the government decided to introduce competition into the market by offering an additional licence. Former customers of Swissport include Australian Airlines. In addition to a wide array of shopping and dining outlets, Changi Airport has ten garden areas spread across all four terminals that are all located in the transit areas. [69], On 5 March 2020, Transport Minister Khaw Boon Wan, suggested that Terminal 5 was among the projects that could be delayed as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, although it was still "manageable". Terminal 3, the airport's fourth passenger terminal, became operational on 9 January 2008,[35] increasing the airport's annual passenger capacity by 22 million. Singapore is committed to growing the air cargo industry, he stressed. [93] Its security services were amalgamated into the new Temasek-owned Aetos Security Management. This brings Changi’s total capacity to 90 mppa when the works are completed around 2024. Four instrument landing systems (ILS) are installed on the two runways to guide landing aircraft safely under all weather conditions. Transport within and between these three terminals is also provided by people movers and the skytrain system, although it is also possible to walk between the terminals on foot for airside visitors. It is Singapore’s bold strategy to sustain the aviation sector’s competitive edge for the long term, and will consolidate Changi’s position as a premier global air hub. Terminal 5 is also expected to have more self-service facilities and bigger lounges. In 2018, the global air cargo community recorded a total volume of over 63 million tonnes of goods. SINGAPORE - The Republic aims to almost double its annual cargo handling capacity at Changi Airport, from 3 million to 5.4 million tonnes, to support and benefit from growth in … As part of the developments at Changi East, where the future Terminal 5 (T5) is being built, Changi Airport Group (CAG) is also planning an industrial zone, said Dr Lam Pin Min, Senior Minister of State for Transport. [59] GX Airlines and Juneyao Airlines commenced Singapore operations on 12 December 2018[60] and 1 February 2019 respectively. The terminal building was designed and executed primarily by Takenaka Corporation, which has constructed and renovated many buildings at Changi Airport. Changi Airport, named the world's best by Britain-based consultancy Skytrax this year, currently has three terminals with a total capacity of 66 million passengers a year. Singapore Airlines' flights departing for South Asia (except India) and South East Asia uses this terminal. Etihad Airways was the latest airline to operate from Terminal 2 when it commenced flights in September 2007. Adam Air chose Swissport as its ground handler in 2005, while Tiger Airways followed suit in 2006. A major refurbishment was completed in 1995 at a cost of S$170 million and work to extend two finger piers to add 14 aerobridges at a cost of S$420 million that took place from 1996 to 1999. A former Budget Terminal, capable of handling 7 million passenger per year, was purpose-built for low-cost carriers. Provisions will also be made on the Cross Island MRT Line for a possible extension towards the airport. It will have a capacity for 16 million passengers per annum, up from the previous 7 million of the Budget Terminal, and will have aerobridges. [71] Transport Minister Khaw Boon Wan said on 16 June 2020 that the Changi Terminal 5 project could be delayed by at least 2 years as a result of the pandemic.
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